Sudan’s civil war began in April 2023 between the army (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Egypt backs the army; the UAE is widely accused of supporting the RSF, which it denies. Russia and other powers are also involved
Foreign interests include gold, regional influence and access to the Red Sea’s strategic shipping routes. These competing interests help sustain the conflict
On 13 October, Ursula von der Leyen pledged continued support for Egypt. The EU also signed an additional €25 million for border management, rescue operations and anti-smuggling cooperation in eastern Libya
EU documents record arbitrary arrests and escalating forced deportations in Egypt. Cooperation raises a central human rights question: how can Europe reduce irregular migration without exposing Sudanese refugees to further danger?
Sources: EUobserver, Reuters, CSIS
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